Energy savings in design and construction of high-rise commercial and Vietnam
Items of discussion GS.TS.KTS. Nguyễn Hữu Dũng Faculty of Urban Management – University of Architecture in Hanoi Workshop “Use of energy, resources saving and efficient construction” in 4 / 2008
Currently the world is standing in front of challenges of scarce raw materials, especially fossil fuels, which is pulling the oil prices are climbing rapidly February, threatening a crisis of global energy. Save energy with the problem of climate change are becoming major concerns of all working people. Countries in the level of economic development – society different from the developed to developing countries are already planning to the national strategy to use energy saving and effective search, the development of clean energy sources to replace oil.
Vietnam as well as many other countries are standing in front of the lost balance between the serious supply and demand of energy before speed economic development – social and urbanization is taking place rapidly. While still exists how consumer waste and low efficiency of energy in all aspects of social life.
1. Status
The State is implementing the legal framework of necessary programs and national goals of saving energy in the areas of production, activities, buildings and a number of economic fields.
In recent years, making the policy open and convert the economy to the market with the state_s more demand for energy use in this area has increased quickly , especially the urban areas. Speed the rate of growth of the regional housing and public works in the period 1996 – 2000 average 12% annually. Currently, speed is about 15% and further to meet the speed of urbanization and the industrialization and modernization of the country.
Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Da Nang, Hai Phong, as well as many urban types 1 and 2 in the country has been much work in the high-rise apartment building, office building, the hotel 4-5 stars with large rooms, trade centers and supermarkets. This is a source of energy consumption need greater attention.
Only in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City has hundreds of projects of new urban areas, with the housing high-rise apartment building was completed, most of which went into use. Many of the high-rise hotel, office building and commercial center with floor area over 10.000m2 use and consumption of energy greater than 1 to 2 million kWh per year. This is the consumption of electricity should be large and management measures for improving efficiency of energy use.
Most public buildings such as administrative, school, hospital, hotel … built previously are based on design standards low, using old equipment backward performing energy not high. On the other hand, due to limitations of the economic society, the use of energy in the works this poor performance, waste.
Many of the hotels and the new high-rise building in the city from foreign investment. These works are usually designed to build on the standards of foreign countries. Of which most of the design was not appropriate for the climate and natural economic and technical in Vietnam. In operation using more energy is unreasonable and needs of large energy.
Energy use in buildings, especially the high-rise commercial and Vietnam are big, but Tấn Mẫn, not concentrated. Therefore the control and the implementation of energy saving difficult than household energy consumption in industrial or transportation. Therefore necessary to survey barriers barriers to find the causes and propose solutions to implement effectively.
The Government issued Decree No. 102/2003/ND-CP on energy saving and effective, including regulations on energy saving in buildings. Tháng 11/2005, Minister of Construction has issued Decision Term Standard Construction Vietnam – The buildings use energy efficiently. The first time Vietnam has issued a framework of technical rules about saving energy in building design for high-rise and commercial. The regulations required this to the scale floor area used on 2500 m2 or more.
2. Investigation survey overview
A number drawn from the first survey:
– The need is interest tends to design the architecture with a large glass array prevalent in urban areas. Trao store run by a modern architecture that the West ignored the research and solutions in accordance with the economic and social climate of Vietnam.
Program overview investigate potential energy savings under the Ministry of Science Technology and Environment in collaboration with the University of Architecture Hanoi – Ministry of Construction conducted 16 of the commercial high-rise in Noi and Ho Chi Minh City in 1999-2000. Then, in the framework of activities of the energy and the environment due to the cooperation between Dutch Government and the Ministry of Science Technology and Environment and the University of Architecture Hanoi – Ministry of Construction has conducted audit 6 high-rise construction projects in Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City. Through surveys and audits, has drawn a number and the initial assessment.
– But any reasonable solutions in design projects, especially the skin of poor performance and how the equipment installation has loss of energy resources used in construction work from 20 – 30% , did not take advantage of the lighting and natural ventilation.
– Problems for Thermal structure projects, such as use of insulated material, insulated roof for outside walls, windows, door … are not interested from design to construction works. The standard design of current and TCVN TCXD are no terms of specific regulations on this issue. Market building materials available in urban Vietnam deficits materials Thermal, light and all kinds of devices that perform a high energy.
– For the hotels and high levels of power consumption over 2 million kWh / year (some international hotel largest of any office building for rent, the gas no .. .), during the operation, did not conduct the energy audit. The investors not interested in measures to save energy and not to economic and social measures to this.
– In the management planning, architecture and urban development does not completely at attention to issues of energy performance of buildings and high-rise commercial. No guidelines and regulations in specific evaluation license for the construction of this type. It is due to a lack of measures and sanctions to the present Vietnam has not promulgated laws and under the law of conservation and energy efficient.
3. The activities necessary
Needs of energy in the effects of climate factors (temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, the number of air exchange in a unit time, the radiation strength and the remote sun, and strength and then by natural light …), the progress of science and technology building and improving requirements quality of life.
The concept of the performance of energy also known as “The project ecology”, “green works” used to describe the construction and building planning, design, construction and equipment of foreign operating loss and reasonable use of energy savings while ensuring the requirements of facilities use and the functionality work as required. On the other hand space architecture and operation of the harmony and not affect the ecosystems surrounding environment.
The equipment used and installed in the performance of energy is also the device performance of high energy.
Solutions to improve the performance of energy use in the high-rise and construction include:
Solutions designed climate biological (Bioclimatic design) – passive cooling (Passive Cooling) create natural ventilation, home of natural light, based on the exploitation of traditional architecture.
Thermal solutions for the shell of the cover (roofs, external walls, windows, door, floor …) to limit the use of media and external works. This is especially necessary for the use of air conditioner system.
Use cover structure certainly gain regular sun rooms, to limit the influence of radiation of the sun.
Use equipment in the performance of high energy (above 20-30%), easy to use and easy to operate, does not cause the bad effects to the environment.
3.1. Implementation of applicable standards of Construction of Vietnam – The buildings use energy efficiently
Standard defined the technical requirements the minimum required to comply with energy-effective design when building new or renovating the business, the research, administrative headquarters of water, high-rise apartment and hotel lon.vv. use air-conditioning, equipment use more energy.
The rules in this standard apply to:
This standard is issued in order to minimize waste of energy use in buildings, improving the conditions of facilities, amenities as well as visual improve labor efficiency for those who live and work in it works.
The rules in this standard apply to the skin works, lighting system, air-conditioning and ventilation along with the equipment to other buildings.
(a) the testa, excluding space as storage or no storage air conditioner;
– Ventilation
– The lighting and Outdoor Furniture
(b) The equipment and systems of work include:
– Air Conditioner
– Đun heated
– Equipment management of energy.
The investor needs to have the explanation applied solutions save energy as stipulated by standard building regulations in profile design basis report under the project, report or project when applying for building permission building or renovating, repairing large buildings.
3.2. Improved system of standard design and construction of the performance of energy
a. Select the home and work: often the South and Southeast wind to cool summers, the sun warm sun in the winter, avoid hot sun westward and the North East monsoon. Conditions are not good then the search for solutions planning design construction to limit the unfavorable conditions of climate. Have some research on climatology built.
Times to 1990 characters before, so many reasons, all kinds of building materials Thermal no more in the Vietnamese market, the designer has built a number of measures to save energy use in the project.
b. Using traditional materials, the solutions architecture, structure and organizational location, technology use … combined with natural ventilation to save energy, is defined in the standard: TCVN 4319-86; TCVN 4430-87; TCVN 4452-87; TCVN 4601-88; TCVN 5065-90; TCVN 4318-86 ; TCVN 4605-88; TCVN 5687-92 …
c. Some of the houses, the public has been the architects and construction engineers interested in the organization of each of the rooms, the thick walls surrounding; lightweight materials Thermal, TV_s prevent the walls, with windows, vents to hiss and natural ventilation. Solutions designed architecture of the roofs have been interested in anti-heat, anti rét and rainproof, as used solutions mái 2 classes: the top of the roof pre-stressed reinforced concrete, classes more classes or fibroximang tôn mái.
However still some problems exist:
System standards, design rules It has not issued timely synchronized to encourage the application of the solutions design saves energy and production materials, light conditioning, insulated. Equipment air-conditioning, lighting, cooling works.
Industry and construction materials not concentrate to produce lightweight materials Thermal and apply the technology to use renewable energy in the construction of buildings and construction.
To perform standard building regulations issued also need to quickly research the standards of design and construction of the houses, the highest administrative levels, the trade in which the terms required the problem of how to heat the skin layer, the performance of energy use in the project. Particularly interested in the regulation of ventilation systems, lighting, temperature, sunlight certainly cover for projects, as well as equipment used in the project.
At the University of Hanoi Architecture are conducting research in the evaluation and research to build models for managing energy effectively in high-rise buildings in Vietnam.
On 1/1/2008, the Council of the green Vietnam under the Master of Urban Green USA has officially permitted in Vietnam. Council of the green Vietnam in collaboration with the University of Hanoi architecture is implemented construction standards of the green in Vietnam from the points to adapt to climate change. Important criteria is the first energy efficient. The two sides are also implementing construction projects of the Planning urban green in Vietnam before adapting to the challenges of climate change is taking place on a serious.
(Source: article discussion of GS.TS.KTS. Nguyen-Huu Dung Faculty of Urban Management – University of Architecture in Hanoi Workshop “Use of energy, resources saving and efficient construction” in 4 / 2008)
U.S., Japan, Thailand, Singapore, we can save at least 15% even the highest is 30% demands of electricity in the building. This is not a small figure, not only bring economic social bulky for the investors, the owners, users, on the other, also contribute significantly to the development of sustainable urban, alleviate the impact on the environment and especially of gas to influence the climate change.
